Protein

protein :-

the structural unit of protein is amino acid. different proteins are formed by different combination of only 20 amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to from polypeptides. one or more polypeptides combine to from proteins.

protein content :-

carbon(C)- 50-55%,  hydrogen(H)- 6-7.3%, oxygen(O)-19-24%, nitrogen(N)- 13-19%, sulfur(S)-0-4%,

Amino acid :

the constituent elements of amino acids are carbon , hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. apart from this, sulfur is present in some amino acids. an amino acid has a carbon atom at its center, which has four bonds or compounds, one bond contains an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH), one bond contains an alkaline amino group (-NH), and the remaining two have a hydrogen atom in one and a hydrocarbon group in the other. amino acid are of two type – 1. essential amino acid, 2. non essential amino acid.

1. Essential amino acid :- the amino acids which are not synthesized in our body, we get them only by consuming animal protein and which are essential for the growth, prevention of diseases and nutrition of the body, are called essential amino acid. for example – tryptophan, valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine.
2. Non essential amino acid :- the amino acids that are synthesized in our body and do not need to be be taken from outside are called non essential amino acids. for example – alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, tyrosine, proline, etc.

Function :-

1. Enzyme catalysis :-causes the breakdown of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, nucleic acid synthesis phosphorylation of sugars and proteins.
2. defense :- helps in removing foreign substances with the help antibodies.
3. transport:- hemoglobin helps in the transport of respiratory gases, eytochrome , ferridoxine, helps in electron transport.
4. support :- ossein protein is used in bone formation and certain is used in the formation of hair and nails.
5. motion :- actin and myosin control the contraction of muscles and help in the movement and movement of organs.
6. regulation :- various hormones ( ADH, insulin, oxytocin, prolactine) control blood pressure, blood glucose levels, literine muscle contraction, and milk production.
7. source of energy :- when the body lacks sugar energy is produce by protein oxidation. 4.0 kcal of energy is produced by 1 gram protein oxidation.
8. synthesis of hormones :- some hormones, such as somatotrophic hormone, leutotropic hormone, etc. are made of proteins.
9. body structure, repair, and growth :- amino acids play a role in regulating the structure, repair, and growth of living organisms